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Pet care and animal welfare are interconnected concepts that focus on the physical and emotional well-being of animals under human care. While animal care refers to the specific actions and operational systems (like grooming, feeding, and medical treatment) provided to an animal, animal welfare refers to the actual internal state of the animal—its health, happiness, and overall quality of life. Core Standards of Animal Welfare
Small mammals and birds need foraging toys to stimulate their high intelligence. The Ethics of Animal Welfare Pet care and animal welfare are interconnected concepts
2. Core Principles of Pet Care
2.1 The Five Freedoms (Internationally recognized welfare benchmark)
- Freedom from hunger and thirst – access to fresh water and a balanced diet.
- Freedom from discomfort – appropriate environment including shelter and resting areas.
- Freedom from pain, injury, and disease – prevention or rapid diagnosis and treatment.
- Freedom to express normal behavior – sufficient space, proper facilities, and social interaction.
- Freedom from fear and distress – conditions that avoid mental suffering.