Chapter 2 — Cell: Structure and Functions (Hand Notes for SSC)

1. Definition of Cell

• Basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms.
• All organisms are made of cells; cells arise from pre-existing cells.

• Site of photosynthesis; contain chlorophyll; thylakoids and stroma.

SSC Question Alert: Draw a labeled diagram of an animal cell and a plant cell (5 marks). Practice both side-by-side on one page of your hand note.

1. Cell: The Basic Unit of Life: A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms. Students will learn about the different types of cells, cell structure, and cell functions.
2. Cell Membrane: The cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, is a thin layer of lipid and protein molecules that surrounds the cell and regulates the movement of materials in and out of the cell.
3. Cytoplasm: Cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane where many metabolic processes take place.
4. Nucleus: The nucleus is the control center of the cell where DNA is stored.
5. Tissues and Organs: Students will learn about the different types of tissues and organs in living organisms and their functions.